Global food instability is attributable to multiple significant threats, such as climate change, geopolitical instability, emerging trade policies, health crises, and insufficient technological readiness.

Agrifood systems are implicated at various and interconnected levels. The international community, along with subordinate entities, is addressing these risks by formulating specific policies and methodologies. This review adopts a holistic approach to understanding the interactions across agrifood systems, encompassing production, processing, transportation, and consumption. The methodology involves an extensive review of the academic literature, case studies, and statistical data from global organizations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), to assess vulnerabilities and identify sustainable practices. Key sectors within agriculture, such as agroecology, organic farming, aquaculture, hydroponics, and precision agriculture are analyzed for their potential to enhance productivity while reducing environmental impact. This analysis also explores widely adopted concepts, policies, and methodologies aimed at monitoring risks and disseminating effective practices across the sector. By integrating emerging technologies and policy frameworks, the review underscores the critical role of climate-smart agriculture, sustainable water management, and agronomic practices in supporting resilient and sustainable food systems.

The findings provide actionable insights for advancing food security and achieving global sustainability goals and support the decision-making process.

Borsetta, Germana & Zovi, Andrea & Vittori, Sauro. (2025). Long-Term Frameworks for Food Security and Sustainability Through Climate-Smart Interconnected Agrifood Systems. Sci. 7. 15. 10.3390/sci7010015.

Source: Research Gate